How to Help Someone Experiencing an Allergic Reaction

Almost everyone will experience an allergic reaction at some point in their lives. Whether it is as mild as sneezing from pollen or as serious as anaphylaxis, understanding what an allergic reaction is and how to treat it can at the very least be helpful to relieve discomfort, but could also potentially save a life.

What is an allergic reaction?

An allergic reaction is the body’s immune system reacting to a foreign substance it perceives as a threat. When the body identifies a substance that wouldn’t typically cause harm, it is called an allergic reaction. These substances are called allergens, and while there are common allergens such as pollen, animal hair, dust, nuts and shellfish, each individual is different and each body will perceive different substances as allergens. Some people will suffer constant allergies while others may randomly experience a reaction.

Mild allergies can present in many forms including:

·         Itchy eyes

·         Skin irritation

·         Nasal congestion

·         Hives

·         Scratchy throat

When someone is suffering a mild allergic reaction, over the counter drugs called antihistamines and decongestants can be used to treat symptoms of congestion, skin irritation and itchy eyes. Antihistamines usually come in the form of a tablet and work to block the histamine receptors in the body.

If the person suffering the reaction is experiencing skin irritation, a cold compress can also be used in conjunction with OTC medicine to relieve discomfort. 

Treating someone experiencing anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a serious and life threatening allergic reaction that can lead to respiratory distress, loss of consciousness and cardiac arrest. If you are with someone that is suffering anaphylaxis you must treat it as an emergency and request urgent medical attention from professionals. Anaphylaxis can present with some of the following symptoms:

·         Swelling of the tongue

·         Noisy or difficult breathing

·         Dizziness or collapse

·         Tightness in the throat 

Many individuals at risk of anaphylaxis will be aware of the allergens that trigger their reaction, and as such will carry with them an auto injection device containing adrenalin, known in Australia as an EpiPen.

To treat someone suffering anaphylaxis:

1.       Call 000 immediately

2.       Have the person lay flat, or if they are experiencing difficulty breathing let them sit. Do not let the person walk or stand

3.       If they have an autoinjector/EpiPen help them to administer if required

4.       Keep the person calm to avoid panicking and hyperventilating

5.       Commence CPR immediately if the person stops breathing at any time or becomes unresponsive

Allergic reactions can happen to anyone, anywhere at any time, so to make sure you are prepared it is best to undertake a first aid course so you have the right knowledge to save a life.